HubosMatias avatar

HubosMatias
πŸ‡ΈπŸ‡° Durable Goods and Tech Investor.
1 copier.

Copy Trading does not amount to investment advice. Your investments value may go up or down. Your capital is at risk.

Cash Allocation

Range

Highest Cash
April 15, 2023
Lowest Cash
March 28, 2023
Average Cash

Portfolio Diversification

Range

Most Diversified
132 instruments
February 25, 2025
Least Diversified
0 instruments
February 2, 2025
Average
87.2 instruments

Most Consistent Holdings

Top 5

avatarMMM
99.89%
avatarT
99.89%
avatarVALE
99.89%
avatarAGNC
99.89%
avatarCON.DE
99.89%

Position Sizing

Analysis

Avg Largest Position
Avg Smallest Position
Size Distribution
Small (<10%)
Medium (10-20%)
Large (>20%)

Market Exposure

Analysis

Highest Exposure
March 28, 2023
Lowest Exposure
April 15, 2023
Average Exposure
30-Day Trend
Current Average
Monthly Change

Top Sectors

Top 5

Consumer Non Durables
23.05%
Process Industries
15.31%
Electronic Technology
10.02%
Consumer Durables
9.54%
Cryptocurrencies
4.14%

Top Countries

Top 5

πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡ΈUnited States
24.04%
πŸ‡¬πŸ‡§United Kingdom
22.74%
πŸ‡©πŸ‡ͺGermany
18.09%
πŸ‡ΉπŸ‡ΌTaiwan
1.22%
πŸ‡³πŸ‡±Netherlands
0.54%

Holdings over time

(Since January 2, 2023)

InstrumentAvg. ExposureCurrent ExposureTime HoldingLast Closed
BATBAT (BATS.L)
21.75%20.92%99.89%-
BASFBASF (BAS.DE)
15.2%0.57%83.1%-
TeslaTesla (TSLA)
6.87%0%71.94%5/14/2025
BitcoinBitcoin (BTC)
4.1%7.56%61.11%-
NVIDIANVIDIA (NVDA)
3.24%6.72%68.69%-
VolkswagenVolkswagen (VOW3.DE)
2.13%0%38.57%2/1/2024
OccidentalOccidental (OXY)
1.53%3.99%49.08%-
AMDAMD (AMD)
1.28%5.35%62.73%-
TSMCTSMC (TSM)
1.22%5.7%69.99%-
IntelIntel (INTC)
1.02%0%55.9%12/20/2024
MicroStrategyMicroStrategy (MSTR)
0.86%0%24.38%4/23/2025
AmazonAmazon (AMZN)
0.85%0%47.56%4/10/2025
AltriaAltria (MO)
0.81%0.82%66.85%-
MicronMicron (MU)
0.69%1.26%99.02%-
AlphabetAlphabet (GOOG)
0.65%0.35%63.38%-
AppleApple (AAPL)
0.46%0%11.7%8/17/2023
Lam ResearchLam Research (LRCX)
0.46%0%31.2%4/10/2025
RheinmetallRheinmetall (RHM.DE)
0.45%1.81%52.87%-
WP CareyWP Carey (WPC)
0.44%0.43%99.89%-
MetaMeta (META)
0.38%0%39.98%4/10/2025
QualcommQualcomm (QCOM)
0.35%0.42%99.89%-
Rio TintoRio Tinto (RIO)
0.33%0%7.69%3/15/2023
SupermicroSupermicro (SMCI)
0.3%0%38.68%2/18/2025
AutodeskAutodesk (ADSK)
0.29%0%36.94%12/15/2023
MicrosoftMicrosoft (MSFT)
0.28%0%27.95%4/10/2025
AdobeAdobe (ADBE)
0.26%0%10.08%4/6/2023
ASMLASML (ASML)
0.23%0.88%30.44%-
AT&TAT&T (T)
0.23%0.19%99.89%-
SimonSimon (SPG)
0.23%0.13%99.89%-
AdmiralAdmiral (ADM.L)
0.2%0.13%99.89%-
LVMHLVMH (MC.PA)
0.17%0.21%99.89%-
SalesforceSalesforce (CRM)
0.16%0%10.08%4/6/2023
PalantirPalantir (PLTR)
0.16%0%44.2%4/10/2025
iShares Silver TrustiShares Silver Trust (SLV)
0.15%0.4%50.7%-
StellantisStellantis (STLA.US)
0.15%0%69.77%12/20/2024
ARMARM (ARM)
0.15%0.54%55.36%-
CleansparkCleanspark (CLSK)
0.13%0%63.27%10/16/2024
iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETFiShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF (IWF)
0.13%0%21.99%7/26/2023
NioNio (NIO)
0.13%0%21.99%7/26/2023
ASMLASML (ASML.NV)
0.12%0.35%49.51%-
British American TobaccoBritish American Tobacco (BTI)
0.12%0%2.49%4/12/2023
SamsungSamsung (SMSN.L)
0.11%0%16.03%4/11/2025
CitiCiti (C)
0.11%0.01%90.79%-
Mercedes-BenzMercedes-Benz (MBG.DE)
0.11%0%10.4%2/25/2025
KeringKering (KER.PA)
0.1%0%30.12%12/23/2024
ContinentalContinental (CON.DE)
0.1%0.05%99.89%-
First AmericanFirst American (FAF)
0.1%0.05%99.89%-
AramcoAramco (SAOC)
0.1%0.06%99.89%-
TencentTencent (0700.HK)
0.1%0.07%99.89%-
Starwood Property TrustStarwood Property Trust (STWD)
0.1%0.03%99.89%-
Fidelity National FinancialFidelity National Financial (FNF)
0.1%0%51.79%5/1/2024
AGNCAGNC (AGNC)
0.1%0.04%99.89%-
Pershing SquarePershing Square (PSH.L)
0.1%0.53%36.94%-
AllyAlly (ALLY)
0.09%0.01%99.89%-
Invesco QQQInvesco QQQ (QQQ)
0.08%0%53.95%5/21/2024
AlphabetAlphabet (GOOGL)
0.08%0%21.24%2/28/2025
ARK Next Generation Internet ETFARK Next Generation Internet ETF (ARKW)
0.08%0%53.95%5/21/2024
Swiss ReSwiss Re (SREN.ZU)
0.08%0%0.11%4/14/2023
Intuitive SurgicalIntuitive Surgical (ISRG)
0.08%0%88.73%4/10/2025
VistraVistra (VST)
0.08%0.39%27.95%-
ShellShell (SHEL.L)
0.07%0.04%99.89%-
OrangeOrange (ORA.PA)
0.07%0%9.75%4/3/2023
Societe GeneraleSociete Generale (GLE.PA)
0.07%0.07%99.89%-
CoinbaseCoinbase (COIN)
0.06%0%21.78%7/24/2023
Novo-NordiskNovo-Nordisk (NVO)
0.06%0.98%20.48%-
S&P GlobalS&P Global (SPGI)
0.06%0.18%37.81%-
SaabSaab (SAABB.ST)
0.06%0.13%17.66%-
AlibabaAlibaba (BABA)
0.06%0.26%26.87%-
Xinyi SolarXinyi Solar (0968.HK)
0.06%0%77.14%12/23/2024
ZIMZIM (ZIM)
0.06%0%0.87%4/11/2023
Macy'sMacy's (M)
0.05%0%38.46%12/29/2023
Northrop GrummanNorthrop Grumman (NOC)
0.05%0.03%94.26%-
CovestroCovestro (1COV.DE)
0.05%0%53.95%5/21/2024
BYDBYD (01211.HK)
0.05%0.38%21.24%-
Live NationLive Nation (LYV)
0.05%0.03%99.89%-
BlackStoneBlackStone (BX)
0.05%0%36.94%12/15/2023
SAPSAP (SAP.DE)
0.05%0%7.8%3/16/2023
VerizonVerizon (VZ)
0.05%0.03%77.36%-
SchindlerSchindler (SCHP.ZU)
0.05%0.05%72.37%-
Arbor RealtyArbor Realty (ABR)
0.04%0.03%99.89%-
SPDR S&P Oil & Gas Exploration & ProdSPDR S&P Oil & Gas Exploration & Prod (XOP)
0.04%0%21.99%7/26/2023
Palo Alto NetworksPalo Alto Networks (PANW)
0.04%0.18%18.74%-
Warner Bros DiscoveryWarner Bros Discovery (WBD)
0.04%0.02%99.89%-
MondelezMondelez (MDLZ)
0.04%0%12.89%4/10/2025
ValeVale (VALE)
0.04%0.02%99.89%-
Vanguard S&P 500 ETFVanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO)
0.04%0%7.8%4/10/2025
StarbucksStarbucks (SBUX)
0.04%0.06%44.96%-
AirbusAirbus (AIR.PA)
0.04%0.09%42.25%-
KLAKLA (KLAC)
0.04%0.01%26.22%-
Global X Lithium & Battery Tech ETFGlobal X Lithium & Battery Tech ETF (LIT)
0.04%0.01%99.89%-
VolvoVolvo (VOLV-A.ST)
0.04%0.02%99.89%-
McDonald'sMcDonald's (MCD)
0.04%0.05%44.96%-
DisneyDisney (DIS)
0.03%0%51.79%5/1/2024
TeslaTesla (TSLA.EXT)
0.03%0%4.66%6/5/2025
MaerskMaersk (MAERSKB.CO)
0.03%0%15.82%5/22/2024
Berkshire HathawayBerkshire Hathaway (BRK.B)
0.03%0.61%15.6%-
DowDow (DOW)
0.03%0%53.95%5/21/2024
Trade DeskTrade Desk (TTD)
0.03%0%44.2%5/16/2025
GarminGarmin (GRMN)
0.03%0.22%16.47%-
WilliamsWilliams (WMB)
0.03%0.02%99.89%-
iShares USD Treasury Bond 3-7yr UCITS ETFiShares USD Treasury Bond 3-7yr UCITS ETF (SXRL.DE)
0.03%0.06%36.94%-
BroadcomBroadcom (AVGO)
0.03%0.03%52.11%-
JPMorganJPMorgan (JPM)
0.03%0.02%90.9%-
GeelyGeely (00175.HK)
0.03%0.07%36.84%-
NovonixNovonix (NVX.ASX)
0.03%0.01%99.89%-
CostcoCostco (COST)
0.02%0%10.08%4/6/2023
BHPBHP (BHP.L)
0.02%0.01%99.89%-
Plug PowerPlug Power (PLUG)
0.02%0%70.64%1/27/2025
DeereDeere (DE)
0.02%0%9.86%4/10/2025
CarnivalCarnival (CCL.L)
0.02%0%36.94%12/15/2023
Shiba (in millions)Shiba (in millions) (SHIBxM)
0.02%0%38.46%12/29/2023
RelianceReliance (RIGD.L)
0.02%0.06%26.54%-
DocuSignDocuSign (DOCU)
0.02%0.01%99.89%-
NVRNVR (NVR)
0.02%0%26.44%5/21/2024
Realty IncomeRealty Income (O)
0.02%0.06%23.4%-
QuantumScapeQuantumScape (QS)
0.02%0.02%99.89%-
D-WaveD-Wave (QBTS)
0.02%0.11%21.99%-
BaiduBaidu (BIDU)
0.02%0.02%30.12%-
BioLifeBioLife (BLFS)
0.02%0%38.46%12/29/2023
iShares $ Treasury Bond 0-1yr UCITS ETFiShares $ Treasury Bond 0-1yr UCITS ETF (IB01.L)
0.01%0.06%20.48%-
Old RepublicOld Republic (ORI)
0.01%0.01%99.89%-
Sonic AutomotiveSonic Automotive (SAH)
0.01%0.01%99.89%-
DanoneDanone (BN.PA)
0.01%0.01%99.89%-
SikaSika (SIKA.ZU)
0.01%0%0.22%5/4/2023
Bank of AmericaBank of America (BAC)
0.01%0%10.73%4/12/2023
RiotRiot (RIOT)
0.01%0%10.73%4/12/2023
YaraYara (YAR.OL)
0.01%0.01%99.89%-
Liberty SiriusXMLiberty SiriusXM (LSXMK)
0.01%0%25.46%9/11/2024
AbbVieAbbVie (ABBV)
0.01%0.01%99.89%-
TelefonicaTelefonica (TEF.MC)
0.01%0.01%99.89%-
NestleNestle (NESN.ZU)
0.01%0%92.52%5/27/2025
NateraNatera (NTRA)
0.01%0.03%26.54%-
CosmosCosmos (ATOM)
0.01%0%38.46%12/29/2023
SolanaSolana (SOL)
0.01%0%42.9%2/8/2024
EnagasEnagas (ENG.MC)
0.01%0%89.17%4/21/2025
3M3M (MMM)
0.01%0.01%99.89%-
Deutsche BankDeutsche Bank (DB)
0.01%0%33.59%2/5/2024
CloudflareCloudflare (NET)
0.01%0.01%99.89%-
Imperial BrandsImperial Brands (IMB.L)
0.01%0.06%13.54%-
AristaArista (ANET)
0.01%0.05%17.44%-
GE HealthCareGE HealthCare (GEHC)
0.01%0.01%52.11%-
Phillips 66Phillips 66 (PSX)
0.01%0%2.38%1/23/2023
Thermo FisherThermo Fisher (TMO)
0.01%0.17%3.9%-
SchlumbergerSchlumberger (SLB)
0.01%0.02%19.61%-
CVS HealthCVS Health (CVS)
0.01%0.01%42.8%-
CamecoCameco (CCJ)
0.01%0.05%13.54%-
RichemontRichemont (CFR.ZU)
0.01%0.01%27.19%-
HalliburtonHalliburton (HAL)
0.01%0.02%19.61%-
NVIDIANVIDIA (NVDA.EXT)
0.01%0%0.98%2/6/2025
C3.aiC3.ai (AI)
0.01%0.01%51.14%-
Novo NordiskNovo Nordisk (NOVO-B.CO)
0%0.15%3.03%-
AerCapAerCap (AER)
0%0.01%26.87%-
Sabra Health Care REITSabra Health Care REIT (SBRA)
0%0.01%45.29%-
WalmartWalmart (WMT)
0%0%0.54%2/25/2025
Match GroupMatch Group (MTCH)
0%0.01%44.64%-
JD.comJD.com (JD.US)
0%0.01%26.87%-
AlignAlign (ALGN)
0%0%10.08%4/6/2023
CoupangCoupang (CPNG)
0%0.01%26.54%-
WiproWipro (WIT)
0%0.01%26.54%-
VisaVisa (V)
0%0.01%39.22%-
General DynamicsGeneral Dynamics (GD)
0%0.01%39%-
OusterOuster (OUST)
0%0.04%18.09%-
Moody'sMoody's (MCO)
0%0.01%37.59%-
UnitedHealthUnitedHealth (UNH)
0%0%37.38%5/13/2025
CelsiusCelsius (CELH)
0%0.01%35.86%-
NikeNike (NKE)
0%0%3.25%2/1/2023
LeonardoLeonardo (LDO.MI)
0%0.02%16.79%-
Shift4Shift4 (FOUR)
0%0.01%31.31%-
AbbottAbbott (ABT)
0%0.01%30.34%-
SoFiSoFi (SOFI)
0%0.01%29.58%-
HDFCHDFC (HDB)
0%0.01%27.19%-
Huntington IngallsHuntington Ingalls (HII)
0%0.01%27.19%-
Rocket LabRocket Lab (RKLB)
0%0.01%26.98%-
AST SpaceMobileAST SpaceMobile (ASTS)
0%0.01%26.98%-
RivianRivian (RIVN)
0%0.01%26.98%-
FreshworksFreshworks (FRSH)
0%0.01%25.79%-
L3HarrisL3Harris (LHX)
0%0.01%25.79%-
PepsiCoPepsiCo (PEP)
0%0.06%3.9%-
InfosysInfosys (INFY)
0%0%23.19%6/18/2025
UberUber (UBER)
0%0.01%21.56%-
Deutsche PostDeutsche Post (DHL.DE)
0%0%1.84%1/18/2023
OracleOracle (ORCL)
0%0%3.25%4/10/2025
InnovizInnoviz (INVZ)
0%0.02%18.09%-
Tempus AI IncTempus AI Inc (TEM.US)
0%0.01%18.74%-
DatadogDatadog (DDOG)
0%0.01%18.31%-
Siemens EnergySiemens Energy (ENR.DE)
0%0%0.22%2/26/2025
Schwab U.S. Large-Cap Growth ETFSchwab U.S. Large-Cap Growth ETF (SCHG)
0%0.01%16.58%-
ThalesThales (HO.PA)
0%0.01%14.95%-
BAE SystemsBAE Systems (BA.L)
0%0.01%14.95%-
FiservFiserv (FI)
0%0.03%3.03%-
Store Capital Corp.Store Capital Corp. (STOR)
0%0%3.79%2/6/2023
TotalEnergiesTotalEnergies (TTE.PA)
0%0%0.22%1/3/2023
AdeccoAdecco (ADEN.ZU)
0%0%0.11%4/18/2023
Livent CorpLivent Corp (LTHM)
0%0%0.22%1/4/2024
Activision Blizzard, Inc.Activision Blizzard, Inc. (ATVI)
0%0%0.54%1/6/2023
MeituanMeituan (03690.HK)
0%0%0.87%4/6/2023
SvitzerSvitzer (SVITZR.CO)
0%0%0.11%5/1/2024
ASMASM (ASM.NV)
0%0.01%0.11%-
SolventumSolventum (SOLV)
0%0%0%-
Net Lease Office PropertiesNet Lease Office Properties (NLOP)
0%0%0%-

Exposure over time

Exposure by Sector

Exposure by Country

Portfolio Time Machine

Portfolio date
InstrumentInvestedValue
BATBAT (BATS.L)
23.57%26.55%
BitcoinBitcoin (BTC)
8.64%8.07%
NVIDIANVIDIA (NVDA)
6.38%6.24%
MicroStrategyMicroStrategy (MSTR)
5.35%4.45%
OccidentalOccidental (OXY)
2.8%2.79%
BASFBASF (BAS.DE)
2.27%2.17%
Lam ResearchLam Research (LRCX)
2.15%2.07%
TSMCTSMC (TSM)
1.83%1.87%
AltriaAltria (MO)
0.91%1.14%
RheinmetallRheinmetall (RHM.DE)
0.74%0.9%
MicronMicron (MU)
0.93%0.85%
AMDAMD (AMD)
0.87%0.84%
QualcommQualcomm (QCOM)
0.64%0.63%
WP CareyWP Carey (WPC)
0.62%0.59%
AmazonAmazon (AMZN)
0.41%0.5%
iShares Silver TrustiShares Silver Trust (SLV)
0.48%0.47%
LVMHLVMH (MC.PA)
0.46%0.46%
MicrosoftMicrosoft (MSFT)
0.45%0.45%
SamsungSamsung (SMSN.L)
0.45%0.44%
AlphabetAlphabet (GOOGL)
0.36%0.41%
ASMLASML (ASML)
0.45%0.41%
ARMARM (ARM)
0.43%0.41%
AT&TAT&T (T)
0.18%0.25%
SimonSimon (SPG)
0.14%0.21%
Pershing SquarePershing Square (PSH.L)
0.17%0.18%
MondelezMondelez (MDLZ)
0.18%0.16%
AdmiralAdmiral (ADM.L)
0.14%0.15%
ASMLASML (ASML.NV)
0.15%0.14%
AirbusAirbus (AIR.PA)
0.1%0.11%
AramcoAramco (SAOC)
0.14%0.1%
SaabSaab (SAABB.ST)
0.09%0.09%
Realty IncomeRealty Income (O)
0.09%0.09%
iShares USD Treasury Bond 3-7yr UCITS ETFiShares USD Treasury Bond 3-7yr UCITS ETF (SXRL.DE)
0.09%0.09%
S&P GlobalS&P Global (SPGI)
0.09%0.09%
StarbucksStarbucks (SBUX)
0.08%0.09%
D-WaveD-Wave (QBTS)
0.09%0.08%
GeelyGeely (00175.HK)
0.05%0.08%
TencentTencent (0700.HK)
0.09%0.08%
First AmericanFirst American (FAF)
0.09%0.08%
RelianceReliance (RIGD.L)
0.09%0.08%
McDonald'sMcDonald's (MCD)
0.08%0.08%
ContinentalContinental (CON.DE)
0.09%0.07%
AGNCAGNC (AGNC)
0.07%0.07%
Arbor RealtyArbor Realty (ABR)
0.06%0.06%
SchindlerSchindler (SCHP.ZU)
0.05%0.06%
NateraNatera (NTRA)
0.05%0.05%
ShellShell (SHEL.L)
0.05%0.05%
Live NationLive Nation (LYV)
0.04%0.05%
Societe GeneraleSociete Generale (GLE.PA)
0.05%0.05%
VerizonVerizon (VZ)
0.05%0.05%
Starwood Property TrustStarwood Property Trust (STWD)
0.05%0.04%
Intuitive SurgicalIntuitive Surgical (ISRG)
0.02%0.04%
Northrop GrummanNorthrop Grumman (NOC)
0.05%0.04%
Warner Bros DiscoveryWarner Bros Discovery (WBD)
0.03%0.03%
NovonixNovonix (NVX.ASX)
0.04%0.03%
BroadcomBroadcom (AVGO)
0.02%0.03%
VolvoVolvo (VOLV-A.ST)
0.02%0.03%
WilliamsWilliams (WMB)
0.02%0.03%
AlibabaAlibaba (BABA)
0.04%0.03%
BaiduBaidu (BIDU)
0.04%0.03%
ValeVale (VALE)
0.04%0.03%
JPMorganJPMorgan (JPM)
0.02%0.03%
WiproWipro (WIT)
0.02%0.02%
PalantirPalantir (PLTR)
0.01%0.02%
CoupangCoupang (CPNG)
0.02%0.02%
AerCapAerCap (AER)
0.02%0.02%
DocuSignDocuSign (DOCU)
0.02%0.02%
Global X Lithium & Battery Tech ETFGlobal X Lithium & Battery Tech ETF (LIT)
0.02%0.02%
GE HealthCareGE HealthCare (GEHC)
0.02%0.02%
RichemontRichemont (CFR.ZU)
0.02%0.02%
JD.comJD.com (JD.US)
0.02%0.02%
AST SpaceMobileAST SpaceMobile (ASTS)
0.01%0.01%
FreshworksFreshworks (FRSH)
0.01%0.01%
RivianRivian (RIVN)
0.01%0.01%
SoFiSoFi (SOFI)
0.01%0.01%
Rocket LabRocket Lab (RKLB)
0.01%0.01%
HDFCHDFC (HDB)
0.01%0.01%
C3.aiC3.ai (AI)
0.01%0.01%
CelsiusCelsius (CELH)
0.01%0.01%
TelefonicaTelefonica (TEF.MC)
0.01%0.01%
QuantumScapeQuantumScape (QS)
0.02%0.01%
Plug PowerPlug Power (PLUG)
0.01%0.01%
Sabra Health Care REITSabra Health Care REIT (SBRA)
0.01%0.01%
CloudflareCloudflare (NET)
0.01%0.01%
Shift4Shift4 (FOUR)
0.01%0.01%
Trade DeskTrade Desk (TTD)
0.01%0.01%
VistraVistra (VST)
0.01%0.01%
Moody'sMoody's (MCO)
0.01%0.01%
InfosysInfosys (INFY)
0.01%0.01%
YaraYara (YAR.OL)
0.01%0.01%
BHPBHP (BHP.L)
0.02%0.01%
Match GroupMatch Group (MTCH)
0.01%0.01%
L3HarrisL3Harris (LHX)
0.01%0.01%
Old RepublicOld Republic (ORI)
0.01%0.01%
Huntington IngallsHuntington Ingalls (HII)
0.01%0.01%
Sonic AutomotiveSonic Automotive (SAH)
0.01%0.01%
AllyAlly (ALLY)
0.01%0.01%
AbbottAbbott (ABT)
0.01%0.01%
General DynamicsGeneral Dynamics (GD)
0.01%0.01%
CVS HealthCVS Health (CVS)
0.02%0.01%
AbbVieAbbVie (ABBV)
0.01%0.01%
NestleNestle (NESN.ZU)
0.01%0.01%
EnagasEnagas (ENG.MC)
0.01%0.01%
DanoneDanone (BN.PA)
0.01%0.01%
TeslaTesla (TSLA)
0.01%0.01%
SupermicroSupermicro (SMCI)
0.01%0.01%
VisaVisa (V)
0.01%0.01%
CitiCiti (C)
0.01%0.01%
UnitedHealthUnitedHealth (UNH)
0.01%0.01%
3M3M (MMM)
0.01%0.01%
MetaMeta (META)
0.01%0.01%
AlphabetAlphabet (GOOG)
0.01%0.01%

Cash & Instruments Over Time

Cash Exposure %

Number of Instruments